We start from models people actually buy — including products that already convert in paid search — not from a brand’s media list.
For each shortlist we check:
- Claimed vs realistic range (battery Wh, assist level, rider weight)
- Motor class and local legal limits
- UL 2849 / EPAC or equivalent safety status where it applies
- Warranty length, what voids it, and parts availability
- Owner reports on brakes, displays, and support
If we have not assembled or ridden a model, the page will say so. We do not invent star ratings. Rankings are not sold. Sponsored placements, if any, are labeled.
This method is how we write every shortlist. Rankings are not sold. A missing brand usually means we do not yet have a live checkout path — not that the bike does not exist.