We start from models people actually buy — including products that already convert in paid search — not from a brand’s media list.
For each shortlist we check:
- Claimed vs realistic range (battery Wh, assist level, rider weight)
- Motor class and local legal limits
- UL 2849 / EPAC or equivalent safety status where it applies
- Warranty length, what voids it, and parts availability
- Owner reports on brakes, displays, and support
If we have not assembled or ridden a model, the page will say so. We do not invent star ratings. Rankings are not sold. Sponsored placements, if any, are labeled.